What does a breast ultrasound examination involve?

Firstly, the exam requires no preparation and is a simple painless procedure. Therefore, no need for additional anxiety.

The examination is performed by a certified radiologist or a sonographer. It involves the use of an ultrasound machine which emits high frequency sound waves and uses these to determine the nature of tissues.

A gel is applied onto the surface of the breast and a mechanical device called a probe is used to examine the breast tissues systematically.All for quadrants of the breast are then examined inclusive of the axilla (armpit). 

What is the utility of this examination?

Ultrasound is used to detect cysts, solid tumors both benign and malignant. Certain criteria are then used to define the aggressiveness of a lesion (BIRADS Grading). The nature of the lesion determines the intervention.

The spread of tumor to lymph nodes is well outlined within the breast and the axilla.In suspicious lesions, it is used to guide invasive procedures like fine needle aspirates and biopsies.Postoperative cases and complications are also followed up by ultrasound.

Furthermore, ultrasound is used to further define lesions detected on Mammography. It is not uncommon to find a patient with both examinations in which case being complimentary to each other.

 Is there an age limit?

An ultrasound examination is very useful especially in young dense breasts (<35years of age). In older women where the glandular tissue of the breast is replaced by fatty tissue it is less useful as the fatty tissue reflects the sound wave and thus deeper tissues are not clearly visualized. This results in inadequate detection of lesions hence the greater use of mammography in investigating older women.

How accurate is it?

Lesions of the breast tend to be straightforward if performed by a certified clinician. However, ultrasound remains a  subjective exam and is operator dependent.

Is there a waiting time?

Results are immediate and an explanation can be sought from the clinician during the procedure.

Overall this is a very resourceful and quick examination which offers little or no discomfort to the patient.